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MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History July 22, 1877: A General Strike began in St. Louis, as part of the national Great Upheaval wave of wildcat strikes. The St. Louis strike is generally considered the first General Strike in U.S. history. It was organized by the communist Workingman’s Party and the Knights of Labor. In addition to joining in solidarity with striking rail workers, thousands in other trades came out to fight for the 8-hour day and an end to child labor. For nearly a week, workers controlled all functions of society. Black and white workers united, even though the unions were all segregated. At one rally, a black steamboat worker asked the crowd if they would stand behind levee workers, regardless of race. “We will!” they shouted back. Another speaker said, “The people are rising up in their might and declaring they will no longer submit to being oppressed by unproductive capital.”Whereas most of the worker uprisings that were occurring throughout the U.S. were spontaneous wildcat strikes (as most of the unions were opposed to the great strike), the situation in St. Louis was led by communists and was revolutionary. “There was a time in the history of France when the poor found themselves oppressed to such an extent that forbearance ceased to be a virtue, and hundreds of heads tumbled into the basket. That time may have arrived with us.” A cooper said this to a crowd of 10,000 workers in St. Louis, in July, 1877. He was referring to the Paris Commune, which happened just six years prior. Like the Parisian workers, the Saint Louis strikers openly called for the use of arms, not only to defend themselves against the violence of the militias and police, but for outright revolutionary aims: “All you have to do is to unite on one idea—that workingmen shall rule this country. What man makes, belongs to him, and the workingmen made this country.”Karl Marx enthusiastically followed events during the Great Strike. He called it “the first uprising against the oligarchy of capital since the Civil War.” He predicted that it would inevitably be suppressed, but might still “be the point of origin for the creation of a serious workers’ party in the United States.” Ironically, many of the Saint Louis activists were followers of Ferdinand Lasalle, whom Marx despised, and who believed that communist revolution could happen through the vote. And some of them, like Albert Currlin, a Workingmen’s Party leader in Saint Louis, were outright racists, who mistrusted the black strikers and refused to work with them, undermining the success of the commune. Ultimately, 3,000 federal troops and 5,000 deputized police (i.e., vigilantes) ended the strike by killing at least 18 people and arresting at least 70. My novel, “Anywhere But Schuylkill,” is about the coal strike that preceded the Great Upheaval. My work in progress, “Red Hot Summer in the Big Smoke,” opens exactly two weeks prior to the start of the Great Upheaval, with the mass execution of innocent coal miners and union organizers who were framed by the Pinkertons.You can get my novel from any of these indie retailers: <a href="https://www.keplers.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.keplers.com/</a> <a href="https://www.greenapplebooks.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.greenapplebooks.com/</a>Or send me $25 via Venmo (@Michael-Dunn-565) and your mailing address, and I will send you a signed copy!You can read my complete article on the Great Upheaval here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/</a>You can read my complete article on the Pinkertons here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/04/union-busting-by-the-pinkertons/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/04/04/union-busting-by-the-pinkertons/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/greatupheaval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#greatupheaval</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/paris" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#paris</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/commune" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#commune</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Revolutionary" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Revolutionary</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/communism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#communism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/saintlouis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#saintlouis</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/pinkertons" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pinkertons</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GeneralStrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GeneralStrike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wildcat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#wildcat</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/strike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/knightsoflabor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#knightsoflabor</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingmensparty" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingmensparty</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/marx" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#marx</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/solidarity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#solidarity</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/historicalfiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#historicalfiction</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History July 21, 1877: 30,000 Chicago workers rallied on Market Street during the Great Upheaval wave of strikes occurring throughout the country. Future anarchist and Haymarket martyr Albert Parsons spoke to the crowd, advocating the use of the ballot to obtain "state control of the means of production," and urged workers to join the communist Workingmen's Party. Parsons was later abducted by armed men who took him to the police where he was interrogated and informed that he had caused the city great trouble. These events helped radicalize him, as well as his wife, Lucy parson, who would go on to cofound the IWW, and moved them both away from electoral politics and directly into radical anarchist activism. Lucy condoned political violence, self-defense against racial violence, and class struggle against religion. The strike wave started in Martinsburg, W.V., on July 16, and quickly spread along the railroad lines throughout the country. In Chicago, striking workers from numerous industries took to the streets daily. They shut down the railroads, mills, foundries and many other businesses. They carried banners that said "Life by work, or death by fight". One speaker said, "We must rise up in our might, and fight for our rights. Better a thousand of us be shot down in the streets than ten thousand die of starvation." On July 26, the protesters threw rocks and fired pistols at the cops, who fired back until they ran out of ammo and were forced them to flee. However, they ran into a detachment of reinforcements and federal troops, sent in by President Hayes. This led to the Battle of the Viaduct, resulting in 15-30 dead strikers and dozens wounded. One journalist wrote, “The sound of clubs falling on skulls was sickening for the first minute, until one grew accustomed to it. A rioter dropped at every whack, it seemed, for the ground was covered with them.”In Pittsburgh, 20 striking railroad workers were killed by state troopers during the Great Upheaval. The second book of my “Great Upheaval” trilogy, “Hot Summer in the Smoky City,” takes place in Pittsburgh during the Great Upheaval. My first book, Anywhere But Schuylkill, takes place just before the Great Upheaval begins.You can get my book here: <a href="https://www.keplers.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.keplers.com/</a> <a href="https://www.greenapplebooks.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.greenapplebooks.com/</a>Or send me $25 via Venmo (@Michael-Dunn-565) and your mailing address, and I will send you a signed copy!Read my complete article on the Great Upheaval here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/</a>Read my complete article on Lucy Parsons here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/24/lucy-parsons/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/24/lucy-parsons/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GreatUpheaval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GreatUpheaval</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/railroad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#railroad</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/chicago" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#chicago</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#massacre</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/children" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#children</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GeneralStrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GeneralStrike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/IWW" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IWW</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/police" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#police</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/policebrutality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#policebrutality</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AnywhereButSchuylkill" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AnywhereButSchuylkill</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchim" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anarchim</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/communism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#communism</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/albertparsons" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#albertparsons</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/haymarket" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#haymarket</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#novel</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/historicalfiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#historicalfiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wildcat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#wildcat</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

MikeDunnAuthorToday in Labor History July 20 1877: In the midst of the Great Upheaval (AKA Great Train Strike), the Maryland state militia fired on striking railroad workers in Baltimore, killing over 20, including children. The strike had started on July 14, in Martinsburg, WV, at the B&O Railroad yards. It quickly spread into Charleston, WV and Baltimore and Cumberland, MD. In Baltimore, as the 5th Regiment marched toward Camden Station with fixed bayonets on their Springfield rifles, crowds attacked them with bricks. Miraculously, no serious injuries occurred. However, when the 6th Regiment began their march, the crowds drove them off with paving stones and fists. Without orders, they began firing at the crowd, killing several. When the two regiments met at Camden Station, the crowds again hurled stones and bricks, disabling locomotives, tearing up tracks and driving off the engineers. They set fire to railroad cars and buildings and cut the firemen’s hoses when they tried to douse the flames.The Great Upheaval came in the middle of the Long Depression, one of the worst depressions the U.S. has ever faced. My novel, “Anywhere But Schuylkill,” takes place in the years leading up to the Great Strike and is Part I of “The Great Upheaval” trilogy. I am currently working on Book II: “Red Hot Summer in the Smoky City.”You can get a copy here:keplers.com/ <a href="https://www.greenapplebooks.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.greenapplebooks.com/</a>Or send me $25 via Venmo (@Michael-Dunn-565) and your mailing address, and I will send you a signed copy!Read my full article on the Great Upheaval here: <a href="https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://michaeldunnauthor.com/2024/03/31/the-great-upheaval/</a><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/workingclass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#workingclass</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LaborHistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LaborHistory</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GreatUpheaval" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GreatUpheaval</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/railroad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#railroad</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/baltimore" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#baltimore</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/massacre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#massacre</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/children" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#children</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/GeneralStrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GeneralStrike</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AnywhereButSchuylkill" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AnywhereButSchuylkill</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/novel" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#novel</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/books" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#books</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/historicalfiction" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#historicalfiction</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/writer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writer</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/author" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#author</a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/wildcat" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#wildcat</a> <a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/bookstadon" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@bookstadon</a>

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